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Справка Scilab >> Interpolation > interp

interp

cubic spline evaluation function

Syntax

[ yp [,yp1 [,yp2 [,yp3]]]] = interp(xp, x, y, d [, out_mode])

Arguments

x,y

real vectors of same size n: Coordinates of data points on which the interpolation and the related cubic spline (called s(X) in the following) or sub-spline function is based and built.

d

real vector of size(x): The derivative s'(x). Most often, s'(x) will be priorly estimated through the function splin(x, y,..)

out_mode

(optional) string defining s(X) for X outside [x_1,\ x_n]. Possible values: "by_zero" | "by_nan" | "C0" | "natural" | "linear" | "periodic"

xp

real vector or matrix: abscissae at which Y is unknown and must be estimated with s(xp)

yp

vector or matrix of size(xp): yp(i) = s(xp(i)) or yp(i,j) = s(xp(i,j))

yp1, yp2, yp3

vectors (or matrices) of size(x): elementwise evaluation of the derivatives s'(xp), s''(xp) and s'''(xp).

Description

The cubic spline function s(X) interpolating the (x,y) set of given points is a continuous and derivable piece-wise function defined over [x_1,\ x_n]. It consists of a set of cubic polynomials, each one p_k(X) being defined on [x_k,\ x_{k+1}] and connected in values and slopes to both its neighbours. Thus, we can state that for each X\ \in\ [x_k,\ x_{k+1}],\ s(X) = p_k(X), such that s(x_i) = y_i,\quad \mbox{and}\quad s. Then, interp() evaluates s(X) (and s'(X), s''(X), s'''(X) if needed) at xp(i), such that

yp_i = s(xp_i) \quad or \quad yp_{i,j} = s(xp_{i,j})
yp1_i = s
yp2_i = s
yp3_i = s

The out_mode parameter set the evaluation rule for extrapolation, i.e. for xp(i) outside [x_1,\ x_n] :

"by_zero"

an extrapolation by zero is done

"by_nan"

extrapolation by Nan (%nan)

"C0"

the extrapolation is defined as follows :

xp_i < x_1   \Rightarrow  yp_i = y_1
xp_i > x_n   \Rightarrow  yp_i = y_n
"natural"

the extrapolation is defined as follows (p_i(x) being the polynomial defining s(X) on [x_i,\ x_{i+1}])

xp_i < x_1   \Rightarrow  yp_i = p_1(xp_i)
xp_i > x_n   \Rightarrow  yp_i = p_{n-1}(xp_i)
"linear"

the extrapolation is defined as follows :

xp_i < x_1   \Rightarrow  yp_i = y_1 + d_1.(xp_i - x_1)
xp_i > x_n   \Rightarrow  yp_i = y_n + d_n.(xp_i - x_n)
"periodic"

s(X) is extended by periodicity:

yp_i = s( x_1 + ( (xp_i-x_1)\ \mbox{modulo}\ [x_n-x_1] ) )

Examples

// see the examples of splin and lsq_splin

// an example showing C2 and C1 continuity of spline and subspline
a = -8; b = 8;
x = linspace(a,b,20)';
y = sinc(x);
dk = splin(x,y);  // not_a_knot
df = splin(x,y, "fast");
xx = linspace(a,b,800)';
[yyk, yy1k, yy2k] = interp(xx, x, y, dk);
[yyf, yy1f, yy2f] = interp(xx, x, y, df);
clf()
subplot(3,1,1)
plot2d(xx, [yyk yyf])
plot2d(x, y, style=-9)
legends(["not_a_knot spline","fast sub-spline","interpolation points"],...
        [1 2 -9], "ur",%f)
xtitle("spline interpolation")
subplot(3,1,2)
plot2d(xx, [yy1k yy1f])
legends(["not_a_knot spline","fast sub-spline"], [1 2], "ur",%f)
xtitle("spline interpolation (derivatives)")
subplot(3,1,3)
plot2d(xx, [yy2k yy2f])
legends(["not_a_knot spline","fast sub-spline"], [1 2], "lr",%f)
xtitle("spline interpolation (second derivatives)")
// here is an example showing the different extrapolation possibilities
x = linspace(0,1,11)';
y = cosh(x-0.5);
d = splin(x,y);
xx = linspace(-0.5,1.5,401)';
yy0 = interp(xx,x,y,d,"C0");
yy1 = interp(xx,x,y,d,"linear");
yy2 = interp(xx,x,y,d,"natural");
yy3 = interp(xx,x,y,d,"periodic");
clf()
plot2d(xx,[yy0 yy1 yy2 yy3],style=2:5,frameflag=2,leg="C0@linear@natural@periodic")
xtitle(" different way to evaluate a spline outside its domain")

See also

  • splin — cubic spline interpolation
  • lsq_splin — weighted least squares cubic spline fitting

History

ВерсияОписание
5.4.0 previously, imaginary part of input arguments were implicitly ignored.
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Last updated:
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