printf_conversion
mprintf, msprintf, mfprintf C-format specifications
Description
Each conversion specification in the mprintf
,
msprintf
, mfprintf
format
string has the following syntax:
A % (percent) sign.
An optional integer n ≥ 1 followed by "$". n is the index of the input data to substitute to the placeholder, in the msprintf, mprintf .. list of input data. In a format string, placeholders are either all numbered or all non-numbered. A given numbered placeholder can be used only once in its C-format string (Scilab limitation).
Zero or more
options
, which modify the meaning of the conversion specification. The following list contains theoption
characters and their meanings:- : Left align, within the field, the result of the conversion. + : Begin the result of a signed conversion with a sign (+ or -). ' ' : (space) Prefix a space character to the result if the first character of a signed conversion is not a sign. If both the (space) and + options appear, the (space) option is ignored. # : Convert the value to an alternate form. For c
,d
,i
,s
, andu
conversions, the#
option has no effect. Foro
conversion,#
increases the precision to force the first digit of the result to be a 0 (zero). Forx
andX
conversions, a nonzero result has 0x or 0X prefixed to it. Fore, E, f, g,
andG
conversions, the result always contains a decimal point, even if no digits follow it. Forg
andG
conversions, trailing zeros are not removed from the result.0 : Pad to the field width, using leading zeros (following any indication of sign or base) for d
,i
,o
,u
,x
,X
,e
,E
,f
,g
, andG
conversions; no space padding is performed. If the0
and\-
(dash) flags both appear, the0
flag is ignored. Ford
,i
,o
u
,x
, andX
conversions, if a precision is specified, the0
flag is also ignored.An optional decimal digit string that specifies the minimum field width. If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width, the field is padded on the left to the length specified by the field width. If the left-adjustment option is specified, the field is padded on the right.
An optional precision. The precision is given by a dot
.
followed by a decimal digit string. If no precision is given, the parameter is treated as 0 (zero). The precision specifies:- The minimum number of digits to appear for
d
,u
,o
,x
, orX
conversions. - The number of digits to appear after the decimal point for
e
,E
, andf
conversions. - The maximum number of significant digits for
g
andG
conversions. - The maximum number of characters to be printed from a string in
an
s
conversion.
- The minimum number of digits to appear for
A character that indicates the type of conversion to be applied:
% : Performs no conversion. Prints %. This may be useful for instance to print percentages, or to process some LaTeX expression including LaTeX comments starting with "%", etc.s : Accepts a string or boolean value
and displays characters from the string to the end or the number of characters indicated by the precision is reached. If no precision is specified, all characters up to the end are displayed. UTF-8 extended characters are supported in input strings. Booleans are converted into 'T' or 'F'.c : Not supported. All following conversions accept any decimal numerical or boolean input value
. Only the real part of any input complex number is considered. Booleans are implicitly converted into 0 and 1.d,i : Converts the input value
to a signed integer int32 notation. Conversions for input |Numbers| ≥ 2^31 are not reliable. The precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear. If the value being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it is expanded with leading zeros. The default precision is 1. The result of converting a zero value with a precision of zero is a null string. Specifying a field width with a zero as a leading character causes the field width value to be padded with leading zeros.u : Converts the input value
to an unsigned integer uint32 notation. Conversions for input |Numbers| ≥ 2^32 are not reliable. The precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear. If the value being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it is expanded with leading zeros. The default precision is 1. The result of converting a zero value with a precision of zero is a null string. Specifying a field width with a zero as the leading character causes the field width value to be padded with leading zeros.o : Converts the input value
to an unsigned octal notation. Conversions for input |Numbers| ≥ 2^32 are not reliable. The precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear. If the value being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it is expanded with leading zeros. The default precision is 1. The result of converting a zero value with a precision of zero is a null string. Specifying a field width with a zero as the leading character causes the field width value to be padded with leading zeros. An octal value for field width is not implied.x, X : Converts the input value
to an unsigned hexadecimal notation. Conversions for input |Numbers| ≥ 2^32 are not reliable. The letters ``abcdef'' are used for thex
conversion; the letters ``ABCDEF'' are used for theX
conversion. The precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear. If the value being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it is expanded with leading zeros. The default precision is 1. The result of converting a zero value with a precision of zero is a null string. Specifying a field width with a zero as the leading character causes the field width value to be padded with leading zeros.f : Converts the input value
to a decimal notation in the format %[\-]ddd.ddd
. The number of digits after the decimal point is equal to the precision specification.- If no precision is specified, six digits are output.
- If the precision is zero, no decimal point appears and
the system outputs a number rounded to the integer nearest to
value
. - If a decimal point is output, at least one digit is output before it.
e, E : Converts the input value
to the exponential form %[\-]d.ddde
+/\-dd
. There is one digit before the decimal point, and the number of digits after the decimal point is equal to the precision specification.- If no precision is specified, six digits are output.
- If the precision is zero, no decimal point appears.
- The
E
conversion character produces a number with E instead of e before the exponent. The exponent always contains at least two digits. If the value is zero, the exponent is zero.
g, G : Converts the input value
in the style of thee
,E
, orf
conversion characters, with the precision specifying the number of significant digits. Trailing zeros are removed from the result. A decimal point appears only if it is followed by a digit. The style used depends on the value converted. Stylee
(E
, ifG
is the flag used) results only if the exponent resulting from the conversion is less than -4, or if it is greater or equal to the precision.
A field width or precision can be indicated by an
*
(asterisk) instead of a digit string. In this case,
an integer value
parameter supplies the field width or
precision. The value
parameter converted for output is
not fetched until the conversion letter is reached, so the parameters
specifying field width or precision must appear before the value to be
converted (if any).
If the result of a conversion is wider than the field width, the field is expanded to contain the converted result.
The representation of the plus sign depends on whether the
+
or (space) formatting option is specified.
The display of exponential form %e is platform dependent with a different number of digits in exponent.
Platform | Example: msprintf("%e",1.23e4) |
Windows | 1.23000e+004 |
Linux/Mac OS | 1.23000e+04 |
Special escaped sequences are supported in Scilab C-format strings:
\n : | Go to Next line (line feed) |
---|---|
\r : | Return: go to the head of current line (for overprinting) |
\t : | horizontal Tab |
\\ : | print a backslash \ |
Examples
mprintf('a string: %s\n', 'Scilab'); mprintf('an integer: %d\n', 10); mprintf('an integer: %4d\n', 10); mprintf('a left justified integer: %-4d\n', 10); mprintf('an integer converted to float: %#fd\n',10); mprintf('an integer with a sign: %+4d\n', 10); mprintf('an integer with a sign: %+4d\n', -10); mprintf('an integer padded with zeros: %04d\n', 10); mprintf('an unsigned integer: %u\n', 10); mprintf('an unsigned integer: %4u\n', -10); mprintf('an integer converted to hexadecimal: %x\n', 10); mprintf('a float: %d\n', %pi); mprintf('a float: %3.2d\n', %pi); mprintf('a float (exponential form): %3.2e\n', %pi); mprintf('a float (exponential form): %3.2g\n', %pi); mprintf('a character: %c\n', 'a'); mprintf('a character: %c\n', 'aaa');
With input booleans:
mprintf("\n%%d: %d, %%u: %u, %%o: %o, %%f: %f, %%e: %e, %%s: %s\n" + .. "%%d: %d, %%u: %u, %%o: %o, %%f: %f, %%e: %e, %%s: %s\n", .. %T, %T, %T, %T, %T, %T, %F, %F, %F, %F, %F, %F);
%d: 1, %u: 1, %o: 1, %f: 1.000000, %e: 1.000000e+00, %s: T %d: 0, %u: 0, %o: 0, %f: 0.000000, %e: 0.000000e+00, %s: F
With numbered placeholders:
mprintf("%2$s is %1$d-year old.\n", 32, "Peter");
Peter is 32-year old.
With escaped sequences and UTF-8 extended characters:
--> mprintf("The path T:\\abc does not exist.\n"); The path T:\abc does not exist --> mprintf("abcdefghijk\tαβδ\tεϵ\tζηθικλ\rABCDE\n"); ABCDEfghijk αβδ εϵ ζηθικλ
See also
History
Version | Description |
6.1.0 | Numbered placeholders "%n$.." are supported. |
6.1.1 | Input boolean data can be converted. |
Report an issue | ||
Output functions | Xcos >> |