atan

Arguments

x

a real or complex scalar, vector or matrix.

phi

a real or complex scalar, vector or matrix.

x, y

a real scalars, vectors or matrices of the same size.

phi

a real scalar, vector or matrix.

Description

The first form computes the 2-quadrant inverse tangent, which is the inverse of tan(phi). For real x, phi is in the interval (-π/2,π/2). For complex x, atan has two singular, branching points +%i, -%i and the chosen branch cuts are the two imaginary half-straight lines [i,i∞) and (-i∞,-i].

The second form computes the 4-quadrant arctangent (atan2 in Fortran), this is, it returns the argument (angle) of the complex number x+i*y. The range of atan(y, x) is (-π,π].

For real arguments, both forms yield identical values if x>0.

In case of vector or matrix arguments, the evaluation is done element-wise, so that phi is a vector or matrix of the same size with phi(i, j) = atan(x(i, j)) or phi(i,j) = atan(y(i, j), x(i, j)).

Examples

// examples with the second form
x=[1,%i,-1,%i]
phase_x=atan(imag(x),real(x))
atan(0,-1)
atan(-%eps,-1)

// branch cuts
atan(-%eps + 2*%i)
atan(+%eps + 2*%i)
atan(-%eps - 2*%i)
atan(+%eps - 2*%i)

// values at the branching points
ieee(2)
atan(%i)
atan(-%i)

See also

• atand — 2-quadrant and 4-quadrant element-wise inverse tangent, result in degree
• tan — tangent
• tand — tangent, argument in degree.
• unwrap — unwrap a Y(x) profile or a Z(x,y) surface. Unfold a Y(x) profile
• ieee — sets or gets the floating point exception mode